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abilities. A tremendous amount of electricity and maintenance needs to accompany the SxS switching system, which makes it even more
impratical. All in all, this is probably the most archaic switching system around.
There are a number of ways to see if you are on SxS. You will notice that there are no pulsing digits after dialing. Most sources say that the
phone company will sound like many typewriters. SxS does not offer features such as speed calling, call forwarding, three-way calling, call
waiting, and other such services. Pay phones on SxS also will want your money before you receive a dial tone. This adds to the list of
disadvantages labeled to that of the Step by Step switching systems.
Another type of switching system that is prevalent in the United States is Crossbar. Crossbar has been Bell's primary switcher after 1960,
and three types of it exists. Number 1 Crossbar (1xB), Number 4 Crossbar (4xB), and the Number 5 Crossbar (5xB). In Crossbar, a switching
matrix is used for all the phones in an area, and when someone calls, the route is determined and is met up with the other phone. This matrix is
set-up in horizontal and vertical paths. Unlike other switching systems, in my research, I could not come up with any true and definite
distinguishing features of the Crossbar switching systems.
The Electronic Switching System (ESS) is yet another switching system used in the United States and the most used of all three switching
systems. ESS is an extremely advanced and multi-faced type of switching system, and is feared by marauders of the phone company
everywhere. With ESS, your phone company is able to know every digit dialed (including mistakes), who you call, when you called, and how
long you were connected. ESS is also programmed to print out the numbers of people who make excessive calls to WATS numbers (800
services) or directory assistance. This feature of ESS is called 800 Exceptional Calling Report, and has spelled the end of some forms of
continuous code hacks to certain extenders. ESS can also be programmed to print logs of who called and abused certain numbers as well.
Everything is kept track of in its records.
The aforementioned facts show that ESS has made the jobs of organizations such as the FBI, NSA, and other phone company security forces
easier. Tracing can be done in a matter of microseconds, and the result will be conveniently printed out on the monitor of a phone company
officer. ESS is also programmed to pick up any "foreign tones" on the phone line such as the many varied tones emulated by boxes.
ESS can be identified by a few features common in it. The 911 emergency service is covered in the later versions of ESS. Also, you are given
the dial tone first when using a pay phone unlike that of SxS. Calling services like call forwarding, speed calling, and call waiting are also
common to ESS. One other feature common to ESS is ANI (Automatic Number Identification) for long distance calls. As you can see, ESS is
basically the zenith of all switching systems, and it will probably plague the entire country by the early 1990's. Soon after, we should be
looking forward to a system called CLASS. This switching system will contain the feature of having the number of the person that is calling
you printed out on your phone.
What have I concluded about these switching systems? Well, they are not good enough. I know a few people employed by the phone
company, and I know for a fact that they do not have enough time these days to worry about code users, especially in large, metropolitan
areas. So, I will go out on a limb here, and say that a large portion of people will never have to worry about the horrors of ESS.
New Gizmo Can Change Voice Gender
The most amazing device has turned up in the new Hammacher Schlemmer catalog: the telephone voice gender changer. What it does is
change the pitch of your voice from, say, soprano to bass -- a most efficient way to dissuade an obscene phone caller just as he's getting
warmed up. That is not the same as running a 45 rpm. record at 33. In digital conversion, the pitch can be changed without altering the speed.
The device runs on a 9-volt batter and attaches to the telephone mouth piece with a rubber coupler that takes but a moment to slip on and off.
With the changer switched on, says Lloyd Gray, a Hammacher Schlemmer technical expert, "the effect is similar to what you hear when they
interview an anonymous woman on television and disguise her voice by deepening it." "It's better for changing a woman's voice to a man's
than the other way around," Gray said. A man can use it to raise the pitch of his voice, but he still won't sound like a woman."
A man could, however, use the changer to disguise his voice. But with the device set on high, Gray's voice still could be identified as his own.
On low, his normal tenor became so gravel like that the words were unintelligible.
92. Remote Informer Issue #5 by Tracker, Norman Bates, and Ye Cap'n
AT&T Rates
WASHINGTON -- American Telephone & Telegraph Co. proposed Tuesday to lower its interstate long-distance rates by an average of 3.6% to
reflect reduced costs in connecting to the local telephone network. The largest decrease -- 6.3% -- would be seen in day time prices "Because
of the need to make those rates more competitive," AT&T said. [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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